Made of heavy sheet metal and mounted on the front and rear end of the car, bumpers are useful accessories attached to the body to lessen accident effects both on the car and its occupants. In order to absorb some of the impact and divert all of the car's momentum to the object it has collided with, bumpers are generally bent and form specific shapes to fit perfectly to the car's built.

 

They possess special impact absorbers which oftentimes are spring loaded. Bumpers are specially designed to absorb the energy of the impact through a series of valves and air chambers. The bumpers' principal job is to minimize damage both to the car and primarily, to the occupants themselves. There are times when bumpers are constructed with the so-called "Crumple Zones "designed to flex on every impact to be able to convert the car's kinetic energy into heat.